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A fire protection system is a set of methods and devices designed to prevent, detect, and suppress fires to protect life and property, divided into Active Fire Protection (AFP), which involves manual or automatic systems like sprinklers and fire extinguishers, and Passive Fire Protection (PFP), which includes features like fire-resistant materials and fire doors to contain fires. Key components include fire alarms for early detection and warning, suppression systems using water, foam, or gas, and infrastructure like fire hydrants for large-scale firefighting.